Caliph Umar's era (637�644)
The Arabs, led by Caliph ?Umar ibn Khatt?b, conquer Iraq and begin ruling Suristan around 637.
Founded by Sa?d under the directions of Caliph Umar ibn Khattab (637)
?Umar ibn Khatt?b became the second caliph in 634. After the Arab victory against the East Roman Empire at Battle of Yarmouk in 636, K?fah was founded and given its name in 637�638 CE, about the same time as Basra. The Companion of the Prophet Sa?d ibn Ab? Waqqas founded it as an encampment adjacent to the Lakhmid Arab city of al-H?rah, and incorporated it as a city of seven divisions. The city was alternately known to non-Arabs as H?rah and Aqulah before the consolidations of ?Abdu l-M?lik in 691.
Sa?d deposed (642)
In the 640s, the K?fan commons agitated that the Caliph ?Umar's governor was distributing the spoils of war unfairly. In 642, ?Umar summoned Sa?d to Medina with his accusers. Despite finding Sa'd to be innocent, ?Umar deposed Sa?d to avert ill feelings.
At first, ?Umar appointed Ammar ibn Yasir and secondly Basra's first Governor Ab? M?s? al-Ash?ar?; but the K?fan instigators accepted neither. ?Umar and the K?fans finally agreed on al-Mugh?ra ibn Shu?bah.Caliph Uthman's era (644�656)
Governor Walid (645)
Following Umar's death (644), his successor Uthman replaced Mughira with Walid ibn Uqba in 645.
While this was going on, the Arabs were continuing their conquest of western Persia under Uthman ibn hakam from Tawwaj, but late in the 640s these forces suffered setbacks.
Setbacks, governor Abu Musa (650�654)
Uthman in 650 reorganised the Iranian frontier; both Basra and Kufa received new governors (Sa'id ibn al-A'as in Kufa's case), and the east came under Basra's command while north of that remained under Kufa's. The few but noticeable trouble makers in Kufa sought in 654 and had Sa'ed deposed Sa'id and instead showed satisfaction with the return of Abu Musa, which
