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History of Peniscola


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Peniscola, often called the "Gibraltar of Valencia," is a fortified seaport, with a lighthouse, built on a rocky headland about 220 feet (67 m) high and joined to the mainland by only a narrow strip of land (PenĂ­scola is a local evolution of Latinpeninsula). The history of the place goes back to the Iberians. Later the town becamePhoenician, named Tyreche, then Greek, under the name Chersonesos (meaning "peninsula"). It was next captured by the Carthaginians under Hamilcar Barca; legend has it that this is the place where he made his son Hannibal swear an oath that he would never be a friend of Rome.

The present castle was built by the Knights Templar between 1294 and 1307. In the fourteenth century it was garrisoned by the Knights of Montesa, and in 1420 it reverted to the Crown of Aragon. From 1415 it was the home of the schismatic Avignon popeBenedict XIII (Pedro de Luna), whose name is commemorated in the Bufador de Papa Luna, a curious cavern with a landward entrance through which the seawater escapes in clouds of spray
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