Its native people includes Tangsa, Naga (Lungchang, Pangsha, Hawi etc.), Lisu, Nocte and Singpho among others.
More than 50 dialects (languages) are spoken here. Among all the districts in Arunachal Pradesh, Changlang is unique for its cultures, traditions, and languages (dialects). Many dialects of Changlang district are believed to be endangered, and some dialects are already extinct. One of the many reasons for this is believed to be the influx of mainland India's Hindi language and culture into north India.
An "Inner line Permit" (ILP) was introduced by Indian government as one of many initiatives to protect fragile cultures, traditions and dialects of the North East people (excluding that of Assam) of India including Changlang. ILP was unsuccessfully challenged inGuwahati Court during 2008 by mainland India. {ILP is the equivalent of a second-degree Indian passport; people (Indians and foreigners) visiting protected areas require ILP}.
India has been criticized many times by human rights groups from UN for not giving Ethnic Minority Status to North Eastern people of India including Changlang. Indian government has put Native people into Scheduled Tribes which is not appropriate because there are sub tribes in a tribe; again in one of sub tribes there are again sub tribes, etc
