In the 5th and 6th century many Slavonic tribes lived here, and the tribe of Psovans created its main settlement in Mělník. Saint Ludmila (the grandmother of the Saint Wenceslas), who married the Bohemian prince Borivoj, belonged to this tribe. Coins of the princess Emma are the first demonstration of the existence of Mělník. In November 1274 Melník gained the statute of town from king Ottokar II of Bohemia and later became a dowry town belonging to queens of Bohemia. The castle, confiscated by the communists, has now been restored to its traditional owners, the princes of Lobkowicz.
The Mělník castle belongs to the most important sights of this town. The castle is built in the Renaissance style. Below the castle there are large wine cellars.
The St. Peter and St. Paul's Church faces the Mělník castle. The church was rebuilt three times. The church is used primarily for clerical purposes, but everyone is able to look inside at the interior. The construction began at the turn of the 10th and 11th centuries. Starting in 2007 the public will be allowed access to the reconstructed church tower. There is an ossuary inside the church. Anthropologist Professor Jindrich Matiegka conducted research here between 1915-1919, during which he arranged the remains of 10-15,000 people.
Behind the church there is the building of the old school. There is a restaurant here today with a beautiful view of the river and Hořín park. Near the castle there is the Villa Carola where the town library is located
