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Religions of Kalam


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After a Buddhist phase the Hindu religion reasserted itself, so that at the time of the Muslim conquest (1000 AD) the population was mostly Hindu.

In 1023, Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi conquered Swat and defeated the last Buddhist King, Raja Gira in battle. The conquest of Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi is of special importance because of the introduction of Islam as well as changing the Chronology. The Swat region became predominantly Muslim due to missionary Sufi saints whose dargahs dot the landscape of Swat.

The first Muslim arrivals in Swat were Pakhtun Dilazak tribes from south-east Afghanistan. These were

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