tates of the empire protested against the anti-Reformation resolutions (19 April 1529 Protestation at Speyer, hence the term Protestantism.)
� In 1635, Marshall of France Urbain de Maill�-Br�ze conquered Heidelberg also Speyer, together with Jacques-Nompar de Caumont, duc de la Force, at the head of the Army of Germany.
� In 1689, the city was heavily damaged by French troops.
� Between 1792 and 1814, Speyer was under French jurisdiction.
� In 1816, Speyer became the seat of administration of the Palatinate and of the government of the Rhine District of Bavaria (later called the Bavarian Palatinate), and remained so until the end of World War II.
� Between 1883 and 1904, the Memorial Church is built in remembrance of the Protestation of 1529.
� In 1947, the State Academy of Administrative Science was founded (later renamed German University of Administrative Sciences Speyer).
� In 1990, Speyer celebrated its 2000th anniversary
